LUIR :: Browsing by Author "Ejang, Mary"

Browsing by Author "Ejang, Mary"

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Bridewealth in Northern and Eastern Uganda: Transformations of generosity between partners and generations
(IMAGENU, 2024) Ejang, Mary; Otim, Jimmy; Meinert, Lotte
Bridewealth – in different forms of gifts and services – constitutes social and economic exchange and cohesion between families and generations that can serve to express, confirm and acknowledge partners’ and generations’ mutual respect. Yet, bridewealth is sometimes (mis)conceived as ‘payment’. Consequently, amounts of bridewealth have escalated over time and many now cannot ‘afford’ marriage. A Marriage Bill has been formulated but not yet been passed, due to political disagreements. Bridewealth in public debates is often considered from male and older generations’ perspectives and seldom from women’s and children’s. Families, cultural leaders and politicians all have roles to play in creating transformations. Parents can lower their expectations and use expressions such as ‘gifts’ rather than ‘payment’, and cultural leaders and politicians can suggest ceilings on bridewealth. Refund of bridewealth in case of divorce is prohibited, and we recommend further enforcement of this prohibition.
Commercial Soyabean Farming and Household Livelihoods in Kole District Northern Uganda, A Critical Analysis of Farmers Cooperative Society
(International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024) Ejang, Mary; Oboi, Alex
This paper presents the relationship between commercial soyabean farming and household livelihoods of members of Alito Joint Christian Farmers’ Cooperative Society Limited (AJCFSL) in Kole district, Uganda. We used mixed method approach and generated quantitative and qualitative data from registered members of AJCFSL. We sampled 155 respondents out of 259 using simple random technique and purposive sampling techniques and collected data using questionnaires and interview guide. The findings reveal that the number of acres cultivated by soyabean farmers (p<0.01, β= 0.637) is significant in predicting household food security, income, provision of basic needs and responding to emergencies. However, owning storage facilities by farming households is least significant in explaining the contribution of soyabean farming to household livelihood elements (p<0.01, β= 0.216). The study concludes that planting soya bean on more acres strongly enhance family stability. The study recommends the introduction of easy means of acquiring land titles by farmers; and the introduction of subsidized tractor-hire services to boost production of soya bean and achieve a stable family environment. Further research can be considered with a view of analyzing the relationship between commercial soya bean farming and the financial, human, and physical capitals of farmers in Kole district. Keywords: Commercial Farming, Soyabean, Farmers’ Cooperative, Household Livelihoods
The Effect of Budget Execution on Health Service Delivery in Lira District, Northern Uganda
(International Journal of Development Research, 2022) Ejang, Mary; Okello, Patrick; Obonyo, Jimmy Francis; Okuna, Victor; Obici, Isaac Gilbert; Oboi, Alex; Apio, Sarah Okite
Budget execution is at the core of government businesses globally. This paper examines the effect of budget execution on health service deliver in Lira district, northern Uganda. We sampled two government-aided health Center IVs of Amach and Ogur in Lira district. We adopted a case study design and employed a mixed method approach. We sampled 78 respondents out of 96 health workers which included administrators, finance department, health workers, and health unit management committee. Simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling, were used to select the respondents. We used self-administered questionnaires to collect quantitative data and an interview guide to collect qualitative data. We used descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation and regression) to analysequantitative data andcontent analysisfor qualitative data to supplement quantitative data. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between budget execution and health service delivery (R = .718; p-value) and 51.5% (R Square = .515) aggregate effect of budget performance on health service delivery. These findings imply that budget performance is likely to register over 51.5% variations in the health service delivery meaning there are other factors that account for about 48.5%. However, budget monitoring is more influential in predicting changes in health service delivery. The findings further revealed that budget execution process and monitoring had significant effects on health service delivery. We conclude that budget performance significantly affects service delivery in health CentreIVs in northern Uganda. This paper contributes an original empiricalevidence of the association between budget performance and health service delivery in northern Uganda. In order to improve health service delivery, Lira district Local Government should considerincreasing financial supportto Health CentreIVs and strengthen budget monitoring.
The effect of COVID-19 on financial inclusion in the Kigezi and Lango subregions in Uganda
(Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 2022) Eton, Marus; Mwosi, Fabian; Ejang, Mary
The year 2020 opened with tough policy measures to control the rapid spread of COVID-19. We sampled, explored, and analyzed the most recent studies that linked COVID-19 to business and finance. We identified two mitigations, which had strong effects on financial inclusion but had been neglected: lockdown and social distancing. We used lockdown and social distancing to conceptualize COVID-19, and developed two theoretical nexuses among COVID-19 and financial inclusion, and COVID- 19 and government policy interventions. We explored each of the nexuses. First, we described the extent of lockdown and social distancing, financial inclusion, and government policy interventions. Second, we compared these nexuses in both the Lango and Kigezi subregions, and explained the significance of the interventions. Third, we used beta coefficients to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on financial inclusion. We provide a solid foundation for compulsive online banking in developing countries.
The Effect of Reward Practices and Health Service Delivery in Health Facilities—Kwania District Uganda
(Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 2022) Opio, Moses; Agweta, Cosmas; Ejang, Mary; Picorella, Irene; Okello, Tom Richard
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship and effect of intrinsic and extrinsic reward practices on health service delivery. Methods: Data was collected prospectively from Thirteen Government health facilities in Kwania District using a cross-sectional study design. A structured, pre-coded and pretested questionnaire of Cronbach Alpha of 0.82 was self-administered to sample of 132 health workers randomly selected from HCIV, HCIII and HCII in Kwania District between September-November 2020. Results: Health Service Delivery (HSD) correlates positively with the various reward system. In particular, HSD has a significant and positive but weak correlation with intrinsic reward (r = 0.260, p value = 0.05). On the other hand, extrinsic rewards have a very weak insignificant but positive correlation with service delivery (r = 0.126. p value > 0.05). Multiple regression: the intrinsic reward appears a significant predictor of health service delivery (p value < 0.009, β = 0.169 ), but the extrinsic reward does not significantly predict health service delivery, (β = 0.001, p value = 0.985). Conclusion: Intrinsic rewards have a significant influence on health workers’ performance and hence health service delivery while extrinsic rewards have no significant influence on these employees’ performance. Extrinsic reward becomes more important as employees’ ages increase on the job.
Emerging Patterns of Social Capital, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda
(Science Publishing Group, 2020) Ejang, Mary; Apio, Sarah Okite
This qualitative study, conducted in Oyam district northern Uganda, presents an ethnographic analysis of the transformation of the social capital available to former internally displaced persons (IDPs) by the Lords’ Resistance Army (LRA) conflict, and the implications for their livelihood strategies. Northern Uganda suffered a protracted two decade (1986- 2006) civil war between the LRA and Government of Uganda. Forced conscription, abduction and eventual displacement into camps by the combatants shattered the mutual trusts and capital that communities had accumulated overtime. This paper applied case study design to investigate the emerging forms of social capital among former displaced persons and the respondents were purposively selected. In-depth interviews were held with Government civil servants and local leaders while focus group discussions were conducted with community members to explore opinions on the after-displacement livelihood strategies. Sustainable livelihoods and social capital theories were applied to analyse the relationship between social capital and livelihood resilience upon returning home from displacement. The findings indicated that while emerging from displacement, family members moved in phases with family heads and elder children returning first to prepare livelihood strategies. Both positive and negative networks emerged that influenced preference for social groups and livelihood activities. The established social groups comprised of ‘doggola’ (kinship) relationships, wage-labour, neighbours, friendship, alcohol consumption and informal social support groups. Despite the dynamics experienced in social capital and livelihood activities, the former IDPs modified and reverted to the traditional social capital. This paper concludes that amidst conflict and displacement, social capital sustains household welfare and community development hence, social capital does not vanish but changes forms. Thus, the post-conflict reconstruction programme ought to integrate social capital into its package for sustainability purpose.
Family Business Management and Business Performance in Lira City-Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2021) Ogweng, Lawrence; Ejang, Mary; Acanga, Alfred;
Background: This study examined the relationship between family business management and the performance of family businesses in Lira City. The study objectives were; to analyze the influence of goal setting and visioning on family business performance in Lira City, to assess the influence of governance structure on family business performance in Lira City, to analyze the influence of professional management on family business performance in Lira City and to examine the role of management control systems in business performance in Lira City. There was evidence from literature that family businesses in Uganda and therefore Lira City are characterized by low profits, low share in the market and low productivity, leading to high rate of failure at over 26% annually. Methods: A cross sectional design based on a mixed method was used. The study used stratified and simple random sampling to sample 123 out of 135 family businesses and the response rate was 96 percent. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guide. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression models were used to assess the role of family business management on performance. Findings: The regression results indicated that: goal setting and visioning and management control systems had a positive and significant influence on performance of family business, governance structure had a significant negative influence on family business performance and professional management did not have a significant influence on family business performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between family business management and business performance in Lira city. Recommendations: the study recommends that; policy makers should provide for capacity building of family business managers on management control systems as an aspect of family business internal characteristic that improves performance, policy makers should come out with guiding principles and strategies to ensure that all family businesses have well documented goals and visions, business owners should refine the clan and social structures that have been ident
Financial Accessibility And Poverty Reduction In Northern Uganda, Lango Sub-Region
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2019) Eton, Marus; Epiphany, Odubuker Picho; Ejang, Mary; Ogwel, Benard Patrick; Mwosi, Fabian
Access to a well-functioning financial system can economically and socially empower individuals and in particular poor people, allowing them to better integrate into the economy of their countries and to actively contribute to their development and protect themselves against economic shocks. The paper examined the contributions of financial accessibility in supporting poverty reduction in northern Uganda. A cross sectional study design was adopted. The data was collected by use of structured and closed ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that financial institutions had not done much to reach the poor, which limits their productivity capacity and capacity to acquire productive assets. While there are isolated pockets of poverty reduction as expressed by participants’ ability to own personal assets and easily manage their dependency burdens, a few individuals have access to better health facilities. The strides to promote financial accessibility are highly commendable, though poverty remains problematic even among those who have access to financial resources. The paper therefore recommends that financial institutions should endeavor to offer financial management training to clients before extending credit to them, especially clients with some noticeable levels of illiteracy. There is also need for a comprehensive analysis on the current poverty reduction models and their impact on the very poor, in terms of production capacity, owning productive assets and living meaningful lives.
Financial accountability and service delivery in Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda: A case of Lira Regional Referral Hospital
(Lira University, 2021) Abdul, Geroge; Oguti, Robert Etengu; Ejang, Mary
This study sought to assess the effect of financial accountability on service delivery in referral hospitals of Uganda focusing on Lira Regional Referral Hospital as a case study. The objectives of the study were: To establish the effects of budgeting practices on service delivery in Lira Regional Referral Hospitals; To determine the effect of financial reporting on service delivery in Lira Regional Referral Hospital; and to examine the effect of auditing practices on service delivery in Lira Regional Referral Hospital. The study used the agency theory. In order to provide an understanding of the research problems, the study used a cross-sectional survey design and applied quantitative approach methods. The study population was 160 respondents comprising of employees and a few selected patients. Data for the study was obtained essentially from primary sources (questionnaire and interview findings). The result from the quantitative analysis informs of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to confirm the findings and enhance the interpretation of the results from the quantitative analysis. The findings revealed that budgeting practices and financial reporting are not significant predicators of service delivery; suggesting that these practices are perhaps critical in the delivery of services at the regional referral Hospital. However, auditing practices was significant in explaining the level of service delivery in the regional referral hospital. The study recommends for a deliberate government policy to encourage civil servants in the health sector to take issues of budgeting and financial reporting very seriously and where need be there capacity should be developed so as to ensure health services are delivered efficiently and effectively.
Financial inclusion: Is it a precursor to agricultural commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in Uganda? A comparative analysis between Lango and Buganda sub-regions
(Journal of Economics and International Finance, 2020) Eton, Marus; Mwosi, Fabian; Ejang, Mary; Poro, Sammy Godfrey
This study examines the contributions of financial inclusion in supporting agricultural commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in Uganda in Lango and Buganda sub-regions. The researcher adopted a comparative study and cross-sectional survey design where descriptive, bivariate and multivariate data analysis was used. Chi square procedure was run to test the hypothesis that financial inclusion does not affect agricultural commercialization amongst smallholder farmers in Lango and Buganda sub-regions. Regression analysis was specifically used to predict the level of change in agricultural commercialization due to changes in financial inclusion. The study identified financial inclusion as one variable that can predict the success of agricultural commercialization, though it varies from one region to another. In Lango, efforts by government to increase financial access is a positive factor to agricultural commercialization while in Buganda, it is a negative factor. In Lango, land is communal and not individually owned. Therefore, smallholder farmers need to access finances to purchase land for commercial farming. In Buganda, however, land is freehold, which makes smallholder farmers to own chunks of land from their parents. The study has established some common factors that limit agricultural commercialization in both Lango and Buganda, that is, expensive equipment and fluctuating prices while poor infrastructure is no longer a big worry. This paper recommends that, financial service providers should revise their lending terms downwards to reach smallholder farmers, some of whom lack collateral security to pledge for credit. While the government takes credit for improving infrastructure, government, through her policy organs like ministry of agriculture, should provide buffer prices against price fluctuations.
Gender In Leadership and Organizational Performance in Uganda: A Case of Nwoya District Local Government
(Lira University, 2022) Akello, Agnes Ebong; Ejang, Mary; Obici, Gilbert;
Background: The study investigated the influence of gender in leadership on organizational performance focusing on Nwoya District Local Government. Methods: The study adopted a cross sectional design, which was both quantitative and qualitative in nature and a sample of 123 respondents were studied. Findings: The findings of this study revealed that gender parity enhances the performance of the organization, a positive significant relationship exists between gender parity and organizational performance. The study also indicated that gender is positively and significantly correlated with the leadership style and lastly gender in leadership affects the performance of the organization. Conclusions: The study concluded that; gender parity in the organization is vital for the performance of the organization, gender determines the leadership of the organization and gender in leadership is very important in the performance of the organization. Recommendations: the study therefore made the following recommendations; organizations should develop a policy framework that gives equal opportunity for the different gender in the leadership position; the leadership of Nwoya District Local Government should encourage both males and females to equally take part in the leadership of the different organizations within the district and finally, the issue of the gender stereotype should be fought as studies and literature reviewed have indicated that it has a negative effect on gender in leadership. Keywords: gender, performance, leadership, organizational performance
Gender-based violence and Women Economic Empowerment in Apac Municipality
(Lira University, 2023) Angol, Daniel; Ejang, Mary
Background: The study focused gender based violence (GBV) and women Economic Empowerment (WEE) in Apac municipality. The research specific objectives were: to assess the factors affecting GBV, to examine the economic activities women, engage in, to analyze the relationship between GBV and women economic empowerment in Apac municipality. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey design while adopting both the qualitative and quantitative method of data collection and data analysis. Data from questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlational analysis while data from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. SPSS software version 20 was a computer application package used to analyze data. Results: Findings revealed that the major factors affecting GBV in Apac municipality include; poverty and having multiple partners were the major factors influencing GBV. The study found out that the major economic activities that women are engaged in include; produce buying and selling, selling clothes, small businesses and fish mongering and have economically empowered women through giving them the access to educational information and supporting them in education of their children. The study found out that there was a negative relationship between GBV and women economic empowerment. It was found out that there was a positive relationship between government policies, GBV but there was a negative relationship between government policies and WEE in Apac municipality. Conclusions: The government of Uganda through the ministry of health need to strengthen health sector response. There is need to develop a comprehensive health sector response to the various impacts of violence against women, it is important to address the demonstrated reluctance of abused women to seek help. At the service level, response to violence against women should be integrated into all areas of care (for example, emergency services, reproductive health services such as antenatal care, family planning, and post-abortion care, mental health services and HIV/ AIDS-related services). Training is critical element in improving the health service response to violence against women. Also, there is need for the government to sensitize the masses on the negative impact of GBV so that they can learn from their own experiences. Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should ensure effectiveness of the law to protect women more especially after settling all the conflicts that disrupt their family at police station or in courts. Keywords: Gender-based violence, Women Economic Empowerment, and Apac Municipality.
Gender-Specific Entrepreneurship Programs: Understanding the Lived experiences of Rural Women Entrepreneurs In Amolatar Sub-Region, Uganda
(Researchjournali’s Journal of Entrepreneurship, 2024) Akello, Judith Abal; Ebila, Florence; Ejang, Mary; Acanga, Alfred; Ayo, Harriet; Acio, Christine; Kabunga, Amir
Women constitute a significant portion of the global population and play vital roles in economic development through entrepreneurial activities. Despite their potential, female entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries like Uganda, face numerous challenges including limited access to capital, education, and support networks. This study investigates the impact of gender-specific entrepreneurship programs on rural women in the Amolatar Sub-Region, Uganda, focusing on their experiences, challenges, and contributions to economic development. A phenomenological research design was employed to capture the lived experiences of rural women entrepreneurs. The study was conducted in the Amolatar Sub-Region of Uganda, involving 26 beneficiaries of the Uganda Women Empowerment Program (UWEP), two focus group discussions (FGDs), and two key informant interviews with cultural leaders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, and document analysis, and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged from the analysis: Economic Empowerment and Impact, where women reported significant improvements in their economic status through participation in UWEP, resulting in increased income and financial stability; Skill Development and Acquisition, where participants acquired essential business skills such as financial management and record-keeping, enhancing their ability to run and sustain their enterprises; Challenges and Resilience, where women faced obstacles including poor infrastructure, cultural barriers, and resistance from husbands but demonstrated resilience through group cohesion and adaptability; Gender Dynamics and Family Support, where support from husbands and family members varied, with a gradual shift in cultural attitudes towards women's economic participation; and Community Perception, Support, and Future Aspirations, where there was an evolving positive perception of women's roles, increased community support, and optimism about future business expansion and community development. Gender-specific entrepreneurship programs like UWEP significantly contribute to the economic empowerment of rural women in Amolatar, Uganda. The programs help women acquire crucial business skills, overcome challenges, and gain support from their families and communities. These initiatives are essential for fostering sustainable economic development and gender equality in rural areas. Keywords: Rural Women Entrepreneurs, Gender-Specific Programs, Economic Empowerment, Uganda Women Empowerment Program
Having people, having heart: charity, sustainable development, and problems of dependence in central Uganda
(Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2016) Ejang, Mary
China Sherz’s Having People, Having Heart: Charity, Sustainable Development and the Problem of Dependence in Central Uganda is a work of social science, specifically within the fields of sociology and anthropology, that seeks to explore the relationship between so-called sustainable development and the continuation of dependence by Uganda on other parts of the world. The book uses a case study approach and the design is qualitative. The study is situated in communities emerging from the National Resistance Army (NRA) bush war in Uganda (1981– 1986). The study uses two charities, Hope Child and Mercy House, both located in the Buganda Kingdom, to explore three key questions: What are the political stakes of charity and sustainable development? What is the relationship between charity, poverty and inequality? And, lastly, do those engaged in charity have a stake in keeping people in poverty so as to maintain a population to whom they can distribute the alms necessary to achieve their own salvation? The author combined ethnographic and survey methods to study the case of the two charity organizations. During ethnographic fieldwork, the author lived among 20 Buganda communities for 13 months (from 2007–2008 and in 2010), observing the routine practices of the people. Key informants from European and American donor organisations with long experience of working with vulnerable communities were drawn on for background purposes, follow-up and comparison. Sherz’ justification of her study area makes sense as the selected Buganda communities experienced the NRA bush war and were hard hit by the HIV/Aids scourge, thus attracting many NGOs in the recovery period. This situation is comparable to that in northern Uganda which has been affected by two decades of atrocities committed by the Lord’s Resistance Army and thus possesses similar characteristics. It would be helpful if the author had mentioned the specific villages and sub-county in the Buganda Kingdom in which the study was conducted to guide the readers.
Information and Communication Technology Adoption and the Growth of Small Medium Enterprises in Uganda: Empirical Evidence from Kampala City Council Authority
(2019) Eton, Marus; Okello-Obura, Constant; Mwosi, Fabian; Ogwel, Bernard Patrick; Ejang, Mary; Ongia, Francis
The study used cross sectional study design and data were collected from business owners operating within the divisions of Kampala Capital City Authority. The study found out that the level of ICT adoption in Kampala Capital City Authority was moderate. ICT adoption was mostly marked with establishment of separate IT department, use of bulk SMS, printers, scanners and photocopiers. Specialized ICT skills, regular updates and outsourcing of ICT functions appeared to be a key challenge businesses face in ICT adoption. The findings however, indicated that growth of SMEs is a conglomeration, of which adoption of ICT is a microcosm. The study recommends that Government of Uganda through Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation and Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development should consider promoting ICT business growth by sponsoring business software development, and distributing the same at subsidized costs. Training institutions should strengthen the ICT training programs by aligning them to the required job demands as dictated in the field of business. Government should also promote the application and adoption of ICT e-business by slashing the exorbitant taxes charged on the use of these products. Government should stimulate entrepreneurship development training to curb the shortfalls in staff competence, individual job creation and profitability skills.
Internal Corporate Governance Mechanism and Firm Financial Performance: A Case of Listed Commercial Banks at The Uganda Securities Exchange
(Lira University, 2021) Oder, Joshua; Etengu, Robert Oguti; Ejang, Mary
The study empirically examined the effect of internal corporate governance mechanism on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange. In particular, the study sought to: (1) establish the effect of board of directors on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange; (2) assess the information of audit committee on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange; and (3) examine the effect of ownership structure on the financial performance of the listed commercial bank at the Uganda Securities Exchange. The study employed ex-post facto research design using a combination of cross-sectional and time series data. Through the quantitative approach, the study examined balance panel data of five listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange for a period of seven financial years (2012-2018). The study used mainly secondary data relating to corporate governance variables, firm financial and market performance that was collected manually from the annual reports of listed commercial banks. Primary data rating to internal corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance was also collected through interviews in order to supplement the secondary data. Analysis was done inform of descriptive statistics, correlations and regressions using STATA 14. The study found firstly and foremost that the board of directors does not significantly affect the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the USE as measured by return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q (-ratio). Secondly and on the basis of the statistical results of the second hypothesis, the study found that the audit committee does not significantly affect the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the USE as measured by ROE and the Q-ratio. The study recommends the strengthening of the board of directors and the audit committees of the listed commercial banks so as to ensure that they provide adequate and sufficient time to pressing and current issues rating to their banks. In addition, government and policy makers should create an environment that encourages balanced investment for all the investors of especially the local banks irrespective of their nationality so that the ownership of these banks does not only grow among a few individual investors and companies but rather spread out reasonably to diversify and attract skills and companies to improve their financial performance. Moreover, the regulatory bodies like the capital markets authority (CMA) should mandate the corporate governance regulations in Uganda to further improve the financial performance of listed commercial banks.
Intimate Partner Violence in Emergency Situation, Lessons from Lango Sub-Region, Northern Uganda, Implications for Future Marriage Partnership
(International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024) Ejang, Mary
This paper examines the implications of intimate Partner violence (IPV) on marriage relationships in emergency situation taking a case of the post covid-19 pandemic in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda. The paper brings forth the emerging evidence of victims of intimate partner violence, opinions of key stakeholders and analysis of North Kyoga Police records on cases related to intimate partner violence from the nine districts that make up Lango sub-region in northern Uganda. Qualitative research approach was employed to generate data from personal experience, interviews and review of Police crime records on Gender-based and intimate partner violence between 2020-2023. Analysis was guided by the gendercide and femicide theories. The findings indicate that intimate partner violence existed in the pre and post covid-19 period. However, regardless of gender, both men and women alike suffered violence in marriage relationship. Thus, IPV in Lango sub-region seemed a perennial vice among couples which manifested severely in the forms of physical injuries, emotional, suicide and murder in extreme cases. The significant causes of the IPV consisted of proximity between couples and family members, economic insecurity, parental meddling in couple’s affairs, culture, patriarchy, infidelity and loss of trust and suspicion. Intimate partner violence had negative implications on future marriage partnership especially with the rise in mariticide that juxtaposed the femicide ideology of female vulnerability in marriage relationships. Intimate partner violence has dire consequences on couples’ life, health, marriage and social and economic costs. Thus, this paper contributes a new dimension to the application of gendercide and femicide theories in emergency situation and informs interventions to protect vulnerable men in marriage partnerships. Keywords: Emergency, Intimate Partner, Marriage Partnership, Northern Uganda, Violence
Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction in Lira District Local Government
(Lira University, 2021) Ocen, Martin Odyek; Ejang, Mary; Acanga, Alfred
The study examined the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees in Lira District Local Government. Specifically, the study explored the leadership styles practiced in Lira District Local Government, established the level of job satisfaction among the employees of Lira District Local Government and examined the relationship between the leadership styles exhibited by the leadership institutions and job satisfaction in Lira District Local Government. The study used cross sectional design to collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data from a respondent category of council; the chairpersons, the Resident District Commissioner and chief administrative officer who constituted 92 employees of Lira District local government of salary category U4-U2. Simple random sampling, purposive sampling and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 92 study units for investigation purposes. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to measure leadership styles and job satisfaction. Correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between job satisfaction and leadership styles. The findings indicated that democratic leadership style (mean=3.855, SD=0.403) was the most practiced leadership style while laisez fairre style (mean=2.581, SD=0.554) was the least practiced in Lira District Local Government. The study found that job satisfaction among employees was above average, which was confirmed by the overall mean of job satisfaction of (mean=3.513, SD= 0.786), which indicated the level of satisfaction. The study found that job satisfaction is positively and significantly correlated with autocratic leadership style (r=0.554, p< 0.05), democratic leadership style (r=0.639, p<0.05) and transformational leadership style (r=0.474, p< 0.05) while the correlation between laissez fairre leadership style and job performance indicated a positive significant relationship (r=0.069, p> 0.05). the study concluded that the application of autocratic, democratic and transformational leadership style leads to job. The study therefore, recommends that leaders and management of lira district local government should promote and embrace the use of democratic and transformational leadership style in their leadership since it has a significant relationship with job satisfaction
The Relevance of Prismatic Sala Model to Village Administration in Otuke District: A Critical Look at Kamdini as a Presidential “Neighbourhood” Village
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS), 2024) Oboi, Alex; Ejang, Mary
The paper aims at analyzing the relevance of Prismatic Sala Model to village administration. Village administration in Uganda was formalized by Article 181 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995), and CAP 243 of the Local Government Act (1997). Conceptually, in Kamdini village, traditional elements of village administration covered the field of agriculture, health and environment. Heterogeneity was categorized under constructs such as political diversity, religious affiliations, literacy levels, and employment status while village administration was looked at the elements of mobilization and conflict resolution. The Prismatic Sala Model was highly considered to guide the development of this paper. Despite having over 70,626 villages in Uganda, there are currently limited empirical researches that provide comprehensive analyses of in-house challenges of village administration, thus this paper was premised with a view of analyzing the relevance of Prismatic Sala Model to village administration with two specific objectives set: to identify the traditional elements posing threats to Kamdini village administration, and to analyze the effects of heterogeneity on the administration of Kamdini village. The paper adopted a mixed research approach and descriptive design. It targeted the entire population of Kamdini village but purposively sampled the 20 elders, 09 Local Council One executive members and 01 Parish Chief to provide interview and avail the necessary secondary data. Data was analyzed using computer generated software, notably SPSS and STATA to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the first study objective, the finding reveals that Kamdini village is still majorly a traditional community, and that tradition negatively affects the village administration in the study area. In the second study objective, the finding from correlation analysis reveals that heterogeneity positively affects village administration where political diversity (r=.811; p-value = 0.05) was found to be positive, very strong and statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level; that religious affiliation (r=.449; p-value = 0.05) was positive, moderate and statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level; that literacy level (r=.614; p-value = 0.05) was positive, strong and statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level; and that employment status (r=.179; p-value = 0.05) was positive, very weak and statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. The paper concludes that traditional practices negatively affect the administration of a village; and that having heterogenic village is more conducive in enhancing better village administration. The study recommends that a spirited campaign be made to transform villages from the elements of prismatic societies to a modernized society. Keywords: Traditions, Heterogeneity, Village Administration, Mobilization
The Shifting Patterns of Customary Marriage and Gender Relations in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda
(Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2021) Ejang, Mary
This paper presents the transformations in the customary marriage processes, practices and gender relations among Lango in northern Uganda. The paper takes a qualitative approach using generational in-depth interviews with participants in the sub-counties of Lira and Ogur, Lira district northern Uganda. The findings indicate that marriage was a highly respected institution in Lango culture accomplished by the payment of bride wealth called ‘lim nyom’ but greatly transformed over time from material to monetary demand. The traditional marriage process was punctuated by eight designated sequential events and installment payment of the bride-wealth. However, this paper underlines that Lango customary marriage (‘Nyom tekwaro Lango’) has changed over time due to the rapid social, economic, cultural and traditional changes to match the socioeconomic and ideological realities dictated by the globalization process. Core among the factors that have influenced and undermined Lango customary marriage is borrowing the alien value system to suit the contemporary social and economic changes. This paper argues that whereas it is important to adopt the new marriage principles and practices, the shift affects gender relations and thus it is worth retaining the significant valuable customary practices that knit family and community members.

Browsing by Author "Ejang, Mary"

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