Browsing by Author "Kigongo, Eustes"

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    Access to family planning services and associated factors among young people in Lira city northern Uganda
    (BMC Public Health, 2024) Kigongo, Eustes; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Anyolitho, Maxson Kenneth; Musinguzi, Marvin; Kwizera, Gad; Achan, Everlyne; Nabasirye, Caroline Kambugu; Udho, Samson; Kabunga, Amir; Omech, Bernard
    Background Access to family planning services among young people is crucial for reproductive health. This study explores the access and associated factors among young people in Lira City, Northern Uganda. Methods and materials A mixed-methods study was conducted in March to April 2022. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 553 participants aged 15–24 years. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses for quantitative data, while interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for qualitative data. Results Overall, 31.7% of the respondents had a good perceived access to family planning services, with 64.6% reporting perceived availability of FP methods. Challenges included lack of privacy (57.7%), fear of mistreatment (77.2%), and decision-making difficulties (66.2%). Among females, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among urban residents (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09–0.53), Christian respondents (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.01–0.36), Muslim respondents (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.55) and respondents with poor attitude to FP services (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24–0.64), but more likely among respondents with a sexual a partner (AOR: 4.48, 95% CI: 2.60–7.75). Among males, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among respondents living with parents (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.67) but more likely among respondents with good knowledge of FP services (AOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.02–5.32). Qualitative findings showed that three themes emerged; knowledge of family planning methods, beliefs about youth contraception and, friendliness of family planning services. Conclusion The study revealed a substantial gap in perceived access to family planning services among young people in Lira City. Barriers include privacy concerns, fear of mistreatment, and decision-making difficulties. Tailored interventions addressing urban access, religious beliefs for females, and knowledge enhancement for males are essential. Positive aspects like diverse FP methods and physical accessibility provide a foundation for targeted interventions. Youth-friendly services, comprehensive sexual education, and further research are emphasized for a nuanced understanding and effective interventions in Northern Uganda. Keywords Access, Contraception, Family planning, Youths, Young people
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    Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Associated Factors among Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis Patients in Lira District, Northern Uganda
    (International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2023) Nabaziwa, Jannat; Kigongo, Eustes; Kabunga, Amir; Acup, Walter; Puleh, Sean Steven
    Uganda has a high incidence of tuberculosis infection at 200 cases per 100,000 people. With effective therapy and adherence to medications is essential for reducing the spread of tuberculosis in the community. However, many of the initiated patients do not get to finish the entire course of treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of and factors associated with tuberculosis treatment adherence among drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients in the Lira district. A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 234 randomly selected tuberculosis patients between October and December 2022. The Morisky medication adherence scale was used to measure adherence. Using a structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, community factors, and health service delivery factors associated with adherence. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlates of adherence to tuberculosis drugs at a p value of 0.05. Most of the respondents (135, 57.7%) were males, (93, 39.7%) aged above 45 years, and (135, 57.7%) in a marital relationship. The prevalence of adherence to tuberculosis drugs was 84.6% (198/234) and was associated with marital status (AOR: 0.307; 95% CI: 0.13-0.0724, p=0.007) and the experience of stigma (AOR: 4.39; 95% CI: 1.612-11.958, p=0.004). The study reported that 2 in 10 drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients are non-adherent, which is lower than the targeted 90%. Marital status and stigma experience are predictors of non-adherence. Interventions by the ministry of health should target how to improve tuberculosis treatment and reduce stigma.
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    An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda
    (HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative, 2024) Kabunga, Amir; Kigongo, Eustes; Udho, Samson; Auma, Anna Grace; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Musinguzi, Marvin; Acup, Walter; Akello, Anne Ruth; Okalo, Ponsiano; Nabaziwa, Jannat; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi; Halima, Namata
    Background: HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods: Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = −4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Conclusion: Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.
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    Burnout and coping mechanisms among healthcare professionals in central Uganda
    (Psychiatry, 2024) Kabunga, Amir; Kigongo, Eustes; Okalo, Ponsiano; Udho, Samson; Auma, Anna Grace; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Akello, Anne Ruth; Musinguzi, Marvin; Acup, Walter; Nabaziwa, Jannat; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi; Namata, Haliama
    Background: The escalating global prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals poses a serious health concern. Recent studies focus on prevalence and predictors of burnout among healthcare providers, emphasizing the need for well-being interventions. This study investigates burnout and coping mechanisms among healthcare professionals in central Uganda, addressing the dearth of knowledge about coping strategies specific to the region. Methods: An analytical facility cross-sectional study was conducted in five healthcare facilities in central Uganda between June to July 2023. Participants included physicians, nurses, and technicians actively engaged in direct patient care. Data were collected using socio-demographic surveys, the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL-5), and the Brief-COPE tools. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of burnout, with 39.8% of participants experiencing significant levels. Active coping, positive reframing, and denial were negatively correlated with low burnout levels. Dysfunctional coping, specifically self-distraction and denial, showed positive correlations with average and high burnout levels. Emotion-focused coping mechanisms were not employed across burnout levels. Conclusions: The results emphasize the demanding nature of healthcare roles in the region and highlight the need for comprehensive, context-specific interventions to address burnout globally. While some healthcare professionals utilized adaptive strategies such as seeking social support, engaging in self-care activities, and utilizing problem-solving skills, others resorted to maladaptive coping mechanisms such as substance use and avoidance behaviors. This dichotomy highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote adaptive coping strategies and mitigate the negative impact of maladaptive behaviors on individual well-being and patient care
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    Burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in central Uganda
    (PLoS ONE, 2024) Kabunga, Amir; Kigongo, Eustes; Okalo, Ponsiano; Udho, Samson; Auma, Anna Grace; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Akello, Anne Ruth; Musinguzi, Marvin; Acup, Walter; Nabaziwa, Jannat; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi; Namata, Haliama
    Background The widespread problem of burnout among healthcare workers is not only common but also a significant concern that impacts the entire healthcare system in Uganda. It is essential to understand the connection between burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in the specific context of central Uganda, where healthcare professionals face high patient volumes, limited resources, exposure to infectious diseases, and socioeconomic challenges. This study examined the relationship between burnout and quality of life among healthcare workers in central Uganda. Methods This research utilized a cross-sectional study conducted across various healthcare settings in central Uganda. The data were analyzed at descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate levels. The relationship between dependent and independent variables was evaluated using an independent t-test for binary variables and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for categorical variables. Significance was determined with a reported p-value, with relationships deemed significant at p < 0.2. For multivariable analysis, multiple linear regression was employed using a forward selection method, with significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results Our findings indicate that nearly 40% of healthcare workers reported experiencing high levels of burnout. The average score for overall quality of life was 10.71 (±4.89), with variations observed across different domains. The study reveals a significant connection between socio-demographic factors, burnout, and overall quality of life, emphasizing the impact of job category, supervisory support, sleep quality, and burnout on the well-being of healthcare workers. Predictive analysis illustrates how these factors influence both overall quality of life scores and scores in specific domains. Particularly noteworthy is that nurses and technicians tend to have a lower quality of life compared to physicians. Conclusion The results underscore the relationship between socio-demographic factors, burnout, and particular aspects of quality of life. Notably, job category, supervisory support, sleep quality, and burnout stand out as significant factors shaping the well-being of healthcare workers. Nurses and technicians encounter distinct challenges, suggesting the need for interventions tailored to their needs. Addressing issues such as inadequate supervisory support, burnout, and sleep-related problems is recognized as a potential approach to improving the overall quality of life among healthcare workers.
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    Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and associated factors among women of reproductive age (21-49 years) attending Amach Health Centre-IV in Lira District
    (Lira University, 2023) Kasongo, Joseph; Kumakech, Edward; Kigongo, Eustes
    Background: Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Fortunately, early screening and effective management can prevent its progression. However, the uptake of cervical cancer screening varies across different regions, remaining suboptimal in developing countries such as Uganda. This study aimed to assess the level of cervical cancer screening uptake and identify associated factors among women aged 21 to 49 years attending Amach Health Centre in Lira district, Uganda. Methodology: A mixed methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. The study included 312 randomly selected women who participated in face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews with health workers. The data was analyzed using STATA software, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: The findings revealed that only 44.8% of the 310 interviewed women had ever undergone cervical cancer screening. The predictors of cervical cancer screening include: not being in a marital relationship (Apr: 2.767, 95% CI: 1.463-5.231, p=0.002), poor knowledge about cervical cancer (Apr: 0.561, 95% CI: 0.374-0.843, p=0.005), not being familiar with screening modalities (Apr: 0.653, 95% CI: 0.441-0.966, p=0.33), and women whose decisions were made by their spouses (Apr: 0.510, 95% CI: 0.271-0.961, p=0.05). Conclusion: About 4 in 10 women had undergone cervical cancer screening by the time of the study. This study underscores the importance of addressing barriers to cervical cancer screening in Uganda, particularly among women of reproductive age in rural areas. Recommendations should target improving access to cervical cancer screening through sensitization of the community and making services available. Keywords: Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake, Women, Reproductive Age
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    Chronic stress and coping mechanisms among nurses in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda
    (Wiley Nursing Open, 2023) Kabunga, Amir; Kigongo, Eustes; Udho, Samson; Auma, Anna Grace; Okalo, Ponsiano; Apili, Brenda; Namata, Halimah; Nalwoga, Viola
    Aim: This study aimed to assess chronic stress and coping mechanisms among nurses in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda, conducted between May and June 2022. Design: Institutional-based cross-sectional design conducted between May and June 2022. Methods: The study included 498 participants recruited from six health facilities. A 12-Item Short Form Survey tool was used to collect data on chronic stress, while a researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on coping strategies. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and multiple regression were con ducted for data analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 498 participants, 153 (30.7%) were aged between 31 and 40 years, 341 (68.5%) were female, 288 (57.8%) were married, and 266 (53.4%) had less than Diploma. Of the 498 participants, 351 (70.5%) experienced chronic stress. The protective factors against chronic stress were being married (AOR: 0.132; 95% CI: 0.043–0.408; p< 0.001), optimizing shift length (AOR: 0.056; 95% CI: 0.027–0.115; p< 0.001), religiosity/Spirituality (AOR: 2.750; 95% CI: 1.376–5.497; p= 0.004), and regular exercise and breaks (AOR: 0.405; 95% CI: 0.223–0.737; p= 0.003)
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    Chronic stress and its correlates among nurses: A case of Central Uganda
    (Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology, 2023) Kabunga, Amir; Kigongo, Eustes; Udho, Samson; Musinguzi, Marvin; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Acup, Walter
    Background: Despite an overwhelming disease burden, nursing shortages are evident in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the potential for significant healthcare crises. Nurses face increased work demands and chronic stress due to a skilled personnel shortage, which may lead to stress. The present study aimed to examine chronic stress and its correlates among nurses in central Uganda. Methods: The 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) for the assessment of chronic stress among nurses, a validated and standardized tool, was used in this cross-sectional study in 2022. For explanatory analysis, the items were combined with dichotomous variables reflecting predictors of chronic stress. These items were used to create dichotomous variables denoting frequent and demanding challenges for exploratory analysis. The relationship between the variables and high levels of chronic stress was investigated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Based on the findings, the majority, 485 (76.0%), had chronic stress. The results indicate that the correlates of chronic stress among participants were widowhood (AOR: 0.040; 95% CI: 0.013-0.127; P= <0.001), being worried about looming deadlines (aOR: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001-0.023; P = <0.001), long working hours (AOR: 0.283; 95% CI: 0.159-0.504; p=<0.001), insufficient job control (AOR: 0.304; 95% CI: 0.127-0.727; P = 0.007), and inadequate rewards (AOR: 2.554; 95% CI: 1.170-5.574; P = 0.019). Conclusion: According to our findings, three in four nurses in central Uganda suffer from chronic stress. This can exert a negative impact on their overall well-being and caring behaviors. Chronic stress was associated with widowhood, a looming deadline, long working hours, insufficient job control, and inadequate rewards. It is critical to adapt interventions, such as hiring additional nurses, to reduce workload and ensure adequate rest periods.
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    Enhancing Mental Health Counseling for Education Professionals in Africa: Addressing Unique Needs and Improving Outcomes
    (B P International, 2024) Kabunga, Amir; Nalwoga, Viola; Kigongo, Eustes; Anyolitho, Maxson Kenneth; Musinguzi, Marvin; Okalo, Ponsiano; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi
    In the vibrant and varied educational landscapes of Africa, the voices of resilience, dedication, and passion often overshadow the quieter, yet significant, struggles faced by those who shape our future: the education professionals. As we delve into “Enhancing Mental Health Counseling for Education Professionals in Africa: Addressing Unique Needs and Improving Outcomes,” we approach this endeavor with profound respect and commitment to the well-being of those who nurture the minds of tomorrow. Education professionals hold a critical role in shaping both the intellectual and emotional development of the next generation. Their unwavering commitment to education lays the groundwork for a better future. However, in the pursuit of academic excellence, their own mental health often remains neglected. This book aims to shed light on the critical intersection of mental health and education, specifically addressing the unique challenges encountered by educators across the diverse African continent. Throughout these pages, we delve into the cultural and contextual factors that influence the experiences of education professionals in Africa. We emphasize that the well-being of educators is intrinsically linked to the health and effectiveness of the educational systems they support. By examining mental health counseling as a transformative tool, we highlight its potential to build resilience, promote self-care, and enhance overall professional satisfaction. This book is more than an academic exploration; it is a call to action. We urge educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to prioritize the mental health of their educators. We advocate for a shift in perspective, encouraging the creation of environments where seeking mental health support is seen not as a weakness but as a reflection of the strength and dedication inherent in the teaching profession. As we address the nuanced issues of mental health counseling tailored to the African educational context, we hope this book will serve as a comprehensive guide, a source of inspiration, and a catalyst for positive change. It is our aspiration that this work will elevate the conversation around the mental well-being of education professionals and place it at the center of educational discourse. In our shared quest for educational excellence, let us remember that the well-being of those who facilitate learning is a fundamental pillar. Together, let us embark on a transformative journey to create nurturing and supportive environments for the individuals who are shaping the minds of the future. Keywords: Mental health counseling, education professionals, Africa, cultural sensitivity, resilience in education, and traditional practices in counseling
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    Exploring Effective Approaches: Integrating Mental Health Services into HIV Clinics in Northern Uganda
    (HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2024) Kabunga, Amir; Namata, Halimah; Kigongo, Eustes; Musinguzi, Marvin; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Auma, Anna Grace; Nabaziwa, Jannat; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi; Okalo, Ponsiano; Nalwoga, Viola; Udho, Samson
    Background: Integrating mental health services into HIV clinics is recognized as a promising strategy. However, the literature reveals gaps, particularly in the unique context of Northern Uganda, where factors such as historical conflict, stigma, and limited resources pose potential barriers. Material and Methods: This qualitative study, conducted between October and November 2023, employed a phenomenological design. The study involved primary healthcare facilities across diverse urban and rural settings, focusing on healthcare providers, village health teams, and service users. A purposive sampling approach ensured diverse demographics and perspectives. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted, with healthcare providers and service users participating individually, and village health teams engaged in group discussions. Thematic analysis was employed during data analysis. Results: Findings revealed a predominance of females among healthcare providers (18 of 30) and service users (16 of 25), as well as in VHTs. Average ages were 33.4 (healthcare providers), 38.5 (service users), and 35.1 (VHTs). Most healthcare providers (15) held diplomas, while 12 service users and 4 VHTs had certificates. The majority of healthcare providers (n=20) and 4 VHTs had 6–10 years of experience. Thematic analysis highlighted three key themes: benefits of integrated mental health services, implementation challenges, and the role of community engagement and cultural sensitivity. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable insights into the integration of mental health services into HIV clinics in Northern Uganda. The perceived benefits, challenges, and importance of cultural sensitivity and community engagement should guide future interventions, fostering a holistic approach that enhances the overall well-being of individuals living with HIV/AIDS in the region. Policymakers can use this information to advocate for resource allocation, training programs, and policy changes that support the integration of mental health services into HIV clinics in a way that addresses the identified challenges
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    Factors associated with first antenatal care (ANC) attendance within 12 weeks of pregnancy among women in Lira City, Northern Uganda: a facility-based cross- sectional study
    (BMJ, 2023) Acup, Walter; Opollo, Marc Sam; Akullo, Betty Nancy; Musinguzi, Marvin; Kigongo, Eustes; Opio, Bosco; Kabunga, Amir
    Objective This study aimed at assessing factors associated with first antenatal care (ANC) attendance within 12 weeks of pregnancy among women in Lira City. Design A cross-sectional study. Settings The study was conducted in health facilities offering ANC services in Lira City, Northern Uganda. Participants The study was among 368 pregnant mothers attending their first ANC in the three selected facilities (Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Ober Health Center IV and Pentecostal Assembly of God Mission Health Center IV) in Lira City. Primary and secondary outcome measures Level of first ANC attendance within 12 weeks of pregnancy and associated factors. Results Early ANC attendance was 36.1%. Women who were: unmarried (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.99), took >2 hours to reach a health facility (aOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.62), or not visited by village health teams or healthcare workers at home (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.92) were less likely to attend their first ANC early. On the other hand, women who were: not knowing first that ANC guides parents on infant care (aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.67); pregnant without consent of spouse (aOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 1.75 to 10.55); attending ANC from a private facility (aOR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.27 to 6.15); and having two to three healthcare workers present at the ANC clinic (aOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.13) were more likely to attend ANC early. Conclusions Despite the fact that the WHO recommends that all women begin ANC within 12 weeks after conception, Lira City in Northern Uganda had a low overall incidence of timely ANC initiation. Being unmarried, distance to reach a health facility, and being visited by village health teams or healthcare workers at home were all linked to timely ANC commencement. As a result, intervention efforts should concentrate on the highlighted determinants in order to promote ANC initiation in Lira City, Northern Uganda. This can be accomplished by providing information and education to the community on the timing and necessity of ANC in Northern Uganda.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene among the Community in Lira District
    (Lira University, 2022) Akullu, Milly Grace; Akech, Stella Immaculate; Kigongo, Eustes
    Background: In Uganda, more than half of the households use unimproved sanitation facilities, with only 19% of the households owning improved facilities, leading to the prevalence of sanitation-related diseases among the general population. The Government of Uganda has implemented community-led total sanitation by engaging the community in sustaining their own sanitation. The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices among the community regarding WASH following the implementation of the CLTS program in Lira District. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 528 respondents using a close-ended questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 17 at univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. Results: According to the study, the majority of the respondents (181;35.6%) were between the ages of 18 and 30, male (305;57.9%), and had a primary education (371;70.1%). The study also found out that earning between 50,000 and 100,000 Ugandan shillings (AOR=0.39, CI: 0.19-0.83), not knowing ways of preventing water borne diseases (AOR=0.29, CI: 0.14-0.61), not feeling the importance of having hand washing facilities (AOR=0.14, CI: 0.06-0.36) and not having a tippy tap (AOR=0.33, CI: 0.17-0.66) were associated with poor wash practices. Conclusion: Therefore, the researcher concluded that the WASH practices of community members were suboptimal and below the MOH target of the appropriate hygiene practice of WASH. Recommendations: Through this finding, better interventions and policies to reduce the burden of WASH related diseases be intensified, and also there is a need to intensify sensitization on water-related diseases and prevention, as well as enforce the installation, use and sustainability of hand washing facilities among the community in Lira District. Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Practices on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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    The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda
    (Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2024) Nalwoga, Viola; Kizito, Simon; Kigongo, Eustes; Atwine, Praise; Kabunga, Amir
    Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. Methods and Materials: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University. Participants were purposefully sampled until data saturation was achieved during interviews, which took place between May and July 2023. An interview guide facilitated data collection (Supplementary File 1), and thematic analysis was manually applied for data interpretation, utilizing intuition and imaginative approaches. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants started gaming during childhood, starting with offline games. Exposure to gadgets and games, idle time, and stress emerged as key triggers for IGD. Participants reported experiencing sleep deficits, deteriorating interpersonal relationships, declining job performance, unhealthy eating habits, academic challenges, and wastage of money and time. The study also identified strategies employed by participants to mitigate their gaming behaviors, such as refraining from purchasing data, seeking support from friends, and uninstalling the game app, although relapses were common. Conclusion: The study highlights a global pattern of early initiation into gaming, emphasizing the need for early intervention and preventive measures. Factors such as easy accessibility and affordability of gaming platforms, idleness, and stress play significant roles in motivating internet gaming, contributing to a higher prevalence among the studied population. The research underscores the adverse effects of IGD on students, affecting academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and job performance. Notably, participants demonstrate agency in addressing IGD through practical coping strategies, including controlling data access, seeking social support, and uninstalling games. These coping mechanisms provide valuable insights into the complex nature of addressing IGD and form a basis for developing targeted interventions and support systems within the higher education setting in Uganda. Keywords: internet gaming disorder, lived experiences, coping strategies, qualitative study, higher education setting
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    Nursing Documentation Practices and Related Factors in Patient Care in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (Hindawi, 2023) Hardido, Temesgen Geta; Kedida, Beimnet Desalegn; Kigongo, Eustes
    professional e1ciency. On the prevalence of nurses’ documentation practices in Ethiopia, several separate studies have been carried out. However, there is no pooled prevalence of nurses’ documentation practice. ,erefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall prevalence of nursing care documentation practice and related factors in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials. ,is review only included articles that were published.,emain databases were Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ethiopian University Repository Online, and the Cochrane Library. Cross-sectional studies that satisfy the criteria and are written in English are included in the review. Using a random e0ects model, the pooled prevalence of nurses’ documentation practices was determined. ,e funnel plot and the Eggers test were also used to look into publication bias. All statistical analyses were done with STATA version 14. Result. ,is review included nine studies with a total of 2,900 participants. ,e pooled prevalence of nurses’ documentation practice in Ethiopia was 50.01% (95% CI: 42.59 and 57.18; I2 � 93.8%; and P 0.001). In terms of subgroup analysis, Addis Ababa had the highest prevalence of nurses’ documentation practice at 84% (95% CI: 77.18 and 90.82), while Southern Ethiopia had the lowest at 40.00% (95% CI: 38.10 and 44.90). Nursing documentation practices were statistically associated with the availability of nursing documentation formats, adequate nurse-topatient ratio, motivation, and training. Conclusion. ,is review showed that one in two nurses practiced poor documentation of their daily activities in Ethiopia. ,erefore, strict monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of nursing care documentation services are highly recommended for all stakeholders. We strongly recommend improving the identiAed factors by arranging training for nurses, motivating them, providing adequate documentation formats, and maintaining a nurse-to-patient ratio.
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    Parents’ Readiness to Vaccinate Their Children Aged 5 to 17 Years Against Covid-19 and Its Associated Factors in Lira District, Uganda
    (Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 2023) Puleh, Sean Steven; Kigongo, Eustes; Opio, Innocent Ojok; Akech, Stella Immaculate; Opollo, Marc Sam; Achan, Everlyne; Acen, Joy; Anyolitho, Maxson Kenneth; Acup, Walter; Amir, Kabunga
    Background: Data on parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years against COVID-19 is still scarce. This study assessed parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years against COVID-19 and factors associated in Lira district, Uganda. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional survey employing quantitative methods was conducted between October and November 2022 among 578 parents of children aged 5–17 years in 3 sub-counties in Lira district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including means, percentages, frequencies, and odds ratios. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between the factors and the readiness of parents at a 95% level of significance. Results: Out of 634 participants, 578 responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 91.2%. The majority of the parents (327, 56.8%) were female, had children aged between 12 and 15 years (266, 46.4%), and had completed primary education (351, 60.9%). Most of the parents were Christian (565, 98.4%), married (499, 86.6%), and had been vaccinated against COVID-19 (535, 92.6%). Results also indicated that 75.6% (ranging from 71.9% to 78.9%) of the parents were unwilling to vaccinate their children for the COVID-19 virus. The predictors of readiness were the age of the child (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.97–4.20; p=0.05) and lack of trust in the vaccine (AOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.95–5.71; p0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years was only 24.6%, which is suboptimal. The predictors of hesitancy were the age of the child and a lack of trust in the vaccine. Based on our results, the Ugandan authorities should provide health education interventions targeting parents to combat mistrust with respect to COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine and highlight the benefits of the vaccines. Keywords: children, minors, hesitancy, readiness, vaccination
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    Parents’ Readiness to Vaccinate Their Children Aged 5 to 17 Years Against Covid-19 and Its Associated Factors in Lira District, Uganda
    (Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics Dovepress, 2023) Puleh, Sean Steven; Kigongo, Eustes; Opio, Innocent Ojok; Akech, Stella Immaculate; Opollo, Marc Sam; Achan, Everlyne; Acen, Joy; Anyolitho, Maxson Kenneth; Acup, Walter; Kabunga, Amir
    Background: Data on parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years against COVID-19 is still scarce. This study assessed parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years against COVID-19 and factors associated in Lira district, Uganda. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional survey employing quantitative methods was conducted between October and November 2022 among 578 parents of children aged 5–17 years in 3 sub-counties in Lira district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including means, percentages, frequencies, and odds ratios. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between the factors and the readiness of parents at a 95% level of significance. Results: Out of 634 participants, 578 responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 91.2%. The majority of the parents (327, 56.8%) were female, had children aged between 12 and 15 years (266, 46.4%), and had completed primary education (351, 60.9%). Most of the parents were Christian (565, 98.4%), married (499, 86.6%), and had been vaccinated against COVID-19 (535, 92.6%). Results also indicated that 75.6% (ranging from 71.9% to 78.9%) of the parents were unwilling to vaccinate their children for the COVID-19 virus. The predictors of readiness were the age of the child (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.97–4.20; p=0.05) and lack of trust in the vaccine (AOR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.95–5.71; p0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that parents’ readiness to vaccinate their children aged 5 to 17 years was only 24.6%, which is suboptimal. The predictors of hesitancy were the age of the child and a lack of trust in the vaccine. Based on our results, the Ugandan authorities should provide health education interventions targeting parents to combat mistrust with respect to COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccine and highlight the benefits of the vaccines.
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    Phenomenology of Induced Abortion in Northern Uganda Among HIV-Positive Women Following an Unintended Pregnancy
    (Open Access Journal of Contraception, 2023) Kabunga, Amir; Acanga, Alfred; Akello, Judith Abal; Nabasirye, Caroline Kambugu; Namata, Halimah; Mwesigwa, David; Auma, Anna Grace; Kigongo, Eustes; Udho, Samson
    Background: More than half of pregnancies in Uganda are unintended, and nearly a third of these end in abortion. However, little research has focused on women living with HIV’s subjective experiences following induced abortion. We explored how women living with HIV subjectively experience induced abortions in health facilities in Lira District, Uganda. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-phenomenological study between October and November 2022. The study was conducted among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who were HIV positive and had undergone induced abortion following an unintended pregnancy. Purposive sampling was used to sample 30 participants who could speak to the research aims and have experience with the phenomenon under scrutiny. The principle of information power was used to estimate the sample size. We conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews to collect data. Data were presented as direct quotes while providing a contextual understanding of the lived experiences of the study participants. Results: The results showed that the major causes of induced abortion were financial constraints, concern for the unborn babies, unplanned pregnancy, and complex relationships. Regarding induced abortion-related experiences, three themes emerged: loss of family support, internalized and perceived stigma, and feelings of guilt and regret. Conclusion: This study highlights the lived experiences of women living with HIV following an induced abortion. The study shows that women living with HIV had induced abortions due to numerous reasons, including financial concerns, complicated relationships, and a fear of infecting their unborn babies. However, after induced abortion, the women living with HIV faced several challenges like loss of family support, stigma, and feelings of guilt and regret. Based on HIV-infected women who underwent induced abortion and an unexpected pregnancy, they may need mental health services to reduce the stigma associated with induced abortion.
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    Prevalence and correlates of teenage pregnancy among in-school teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hoima district western Uganda–A cross sectional community-based study
    (PLoS ONE, 2022) Musinguzi, Marvin; Kumakech, Edward; Auma, Anne Grace; Akello, Ruth Anne; Kigongo, Eustes; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Opio, Bosco; Kabunga, Amir; Omech, Bernard
    Background The COVID-19 pandemic related restrictions and lockdown measures had compromised the routine delivery and access of sexual and reproductive health and rights services to the population including the teenage girls. However, the teenage pregnancy rates during COVID-19 pandemic period were poorly documented. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and the factors associated with teenage pregnancy among in-school teenage girls during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Hoima District Uganda. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that employed quantitative research methods. A total of 314 in-school teenage girls aged 13–19 years were selected using a multi-stage sampling techniques. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data from the participant’s homes during the period December 2021-January 2022. Data analysis was done using univariate, bi-variate, and multivariate. Results The prevalence of teenage pregnancy among the in-school teenage girls in Hoima district Uganda was 30.6% [96/314]. Higher teenage pregnancy rates were prevalent among the unmarried teenage girls [aOR: 9.6; 95%CI: 4.64–19.87; p = 0.000], teenage girls studying from boarding schools [aOR 2.83, 95%CI 1.36–5.86, p = 0.005], contraceptive non-users [aOR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.12–5.4; p = 0.015] and teenage girls involved in sex trade [aOR 3.16, 95%CI 1.5–6.7, p = 0.003]. The factors associated with the reduced likelihood for teenage pregnancy included being an adult teenage girl aged 18–19 years [aOR: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.07–0.32; p = 0.000] and not receiving sex education during the period [aOR 0.36, 95%CI 0.13– 0.62, p = 0.024]. Conclusion The results indicated that 3 out of 10 in-school teenage girls from Hoima district Uganda got pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic period of 2021. Teenage pregnancy was prevalent among teenage girls who don’t use modern contraceptive methods and those involved in sex trade. Teenage pregnancy was however, less prevalent among adult teenage girls aged 18–19 years. The findings point to the need for health stakeholders to innovate creative policies, contingency plans and programmes aimed at delaying age for sexual activities, increasing contraceptive use and minimizing pregnancy risk from sex trade among in-school teenage girls during COVID-19 pandemics.
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    Prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    (PLOS ONE, 2023) Kigongo, Eustes; Kabunga, Amir; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Musinguzi, Marvin; Izaruku, Ronald; Acup, Walter
    Background The COVID-19 vaccination is regarded as an effective intervention for controlling the pan demic. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is hampering efforts geared towards reduc ing the burden of the pandemic. Therefore, examining COVID-19 hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers is essential to improving COVID-19 uptake. In sub Saharan Africa, the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is yet to be known. Purpose The present study was to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A systematic search of articles was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. Data was extracted with the help of Excel. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 17. Heterogeneity in the studies was assessed using Cochrane Q and 12 tests. A random effects model was used to examine the pooled estimates to deter mine if heterogeneity was exhibited. Results A total of 15 studies involving 7498 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers was 46%, 95% CI (0.38–0.54). The predictors of COVID-19 hesitancy were negative beliefs towards vaccine 14.0% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.06), perceived low risk of COVID-19 infection 24.0% (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.28), and vaccine side effects 25.0% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.24). Conclusion The data revealed generally high hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future COVID-19 adoption and uptake should be improved by national and individual level efforts. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to address the myths and obstacles preventing healthcare professionals from accepting the COVID-19 vaccination as soon as feasible since their willingness to get the vaccine serves as an important example for the broader public.
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    Prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Lira regional referral hospital, northern Uganda
    (Research Square, 2023) Katugume, Brendah; Muzungu, JohnBaptist; Okello, Nelson; Kigongo, Eustes; Namutebi, Deborah Andrinar
    BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among neonates. Neonatal sepsis (NS) contributes to 44% of 5.4 million under-5 mortalities globally, and 12% of neonatal deaths in Uganda in 2020 were attributed to NS. Early risk factor identification and improved obstetric care are proven to reduce deaths due to NS, yet there is scanty literature for the Lango sub-region. We, therefore, determined the prevalence of NS, and identified the factors associated with NS in the Lango sub-region of northern Uganda. METHODS: A hospital-based, quantitative, cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Lira regional referral hospital (LRRH), in northern Uganda, among 194 records of neonates admitted to the NICU from September 2022 to February 2023. The participant records were selected by systematic sampling technique and a structured data extraction tool was used to collect data. Using SPSS version 25 data entry and analysis were done. The univariate analysis gave a general description of the data. Using logistic regression analysis associations were measured and the statistical significance was declared at a P value of 0.05 after multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among a total of 194 neonates whose charts were reviewed, 80% of these had neonatal sepsis, giving a prevalence of 41.2%. Age in days of the neonate (AOR=4.212[1.627-10.903]) for neonates of 1-3days of age, sex where males (AOR=2.09[1.123-3.887]), an APGAR score of 1-4 at birth (AOR= 0.309, 95% CI: [0.115- 0.831]) and weight at birth <2500g (AOR=2.543[1.381-4.683]) were significantly related to NS. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The prevalence of NS among neonates admitted to the NICU of LRRH was high at 41.2% and the neonates of 1-3 days of age, male sex, a birth weight of <2500g, and an Apgar score of 1-4 at birth were significantly related to NS. Therefore, Caregivers ensure safe newborn care, early infection detection, and prophylactic antibiotics during procedures, especially for neonates with low birth weight, and low Apgar score males during the first 3 days of life are recommended to reduce the risk of developing NS. Further research is to be conducted on the major causative agents and outcomes of NS.