Department of Community Health

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Browsing Department of Community Health by Subject "Adolescents"

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    Community and Health System Factors Associated with Parental Readiness for Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Uptake Among Adolescents in Lira District
    (Lira University, 2023) James, Ogwal C., K.; Dr. Sam, Opolo Marc
    Background: High vaccination rates against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a milestone in primary prevention of cervical cancer. With an increasing number of cases and deaths in the country among women hover, like many other countries around the globe, Uganda has had a high number of district (over 90%) who were underperforming in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls. Despite the safe, effective, and opportunities for free vaccine delivery in health – care settings, Lira district still have very low HPV vaccine uptakes of 17.4% less than national target 80%. Objective: To assess community and health system factors associated with parental PHV vaccine uptake among female adolescent age (9 to 15) years in Lira district. Methods: This study was a crossed-sectional design employing explanatory sequential quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. The phenomenology design was used for qualitative approach. Additionally, quantitative research generates factual information that can be readily communicated through statistics and figures and from which one can draw factual conclusions. Structured questionnaire was used to parent/guardians of girls age (9 to 15) years and some health workers from some selected health facilities. A total of 577 participants were interviewed and data processed. Results: The study shown that, majority (61.2%) of the 577 interviewed participants were not aware of HPV vaccine and 38.8% reported being ready to vaccinate their adolescent girls age (9 to 15) years. There was statistical significance association with parental readiness to vaccinate adolescent girls age (9 to 15) years: level of formal education (x2=55.4, df=3, p<0.001); and occupation (x2=6.76 df=2, p=0.034). Community factors significantly associated the willingness of parents to immunize their teenage daughters are: family history of cervical cancer (x2=18.5, df=1, p<0.001); get information about HPV vaccination (x2=470.6, df=1, p<0.001) and knowledge about HPV vaccination (x2=184.1, df=2, p<0.001). The study considers variables such as the level of formal education, material status, family history of cervical cancer, knowledge about HPV vaccination, and income level. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) indicate that parents with tertiary education are 2.25 times likely to be ready (AOR=2.25, p=0.01) while unmarried individuals are 0.47 times likely to be ready (AOR=0.47, p=0.009), those without a family history of cervical cancer are 0.36 times likely (AOR=0.36, p<0.001 and parents with poor knowledge about HPV vaccination are 0.05 likely to be ready (AOR=0.05, p<0.001). Distance, health staffs’ attitude, parents’ level of education, misconception, parents, occupation and vaccine shortage were the common barriers of HPV vaccine uptakes reported. Conclusion: HPV vaccine uptakes readiness was low (38.8%) below the national threshold of (80%) due to association factors and barriers which were program based, beneficiaries and health care provider related. Addressing them such as creation of awareness, outreaches, trainings to health staff, steady vaccine supply and mobile survives revival, staffing and using leaders as an access strategy shall increase uptake of HPV vaccine Key words: Community, Health, System, Parental, Readiness, Human, Papilloma, Virus, Vaccination, Adolescents .
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    The mediating role of self-control on the relations between adverse childhood experiences and substance use among adolescents in Uganda
    (Frontiers in Psychology, 2024) Namusoke, Jane; Amone-P’Olak, Kennedy; Nakanwagi, Carol Chosen; Kibedi, Henry; Mayengo, Nathaniel; Ssenyonga, Joseph; Omech, Bernard
    Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are established risk factors for undesirable consequences in adolescence and early adulthood, including substance use and a lack of self-control. Based on the Social Bonds Theory (SBT), this study aims to expand our knowledge of the pathways from ACEs and self-control to substance use in adolescence and early adulthood. Methods: The extent to which self-control mediates the association between ACEs and substance use was examined in a cross-sectional survey of 358 adolescents and young adults (N  =  234, 65.5% girls, mean age 17.7, SD 0.58, range 15–18). Data were gathered using the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE-10) questionnaire, the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), and the 10- item self-control scale to assess childhood adversity, substance use, and selfcontrol, respectively. Results: ACEs were widely reported and significantly associated with substance use and a lack of self-control. Self-control strongly predicted substance use, independent of ACEs. Among those reporting no ACEs, one to two, three to four, and five or more, there were significant variations in the respondents’ substance use (F(3, 400)  =  12.69, p  =  0.001). Self-control explained 51.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41, 61%) of the associations between ACEs and substance use as assessed by linear regression. Conclusion: Self-control is key to understanding why adolescents and young adults with a history of childhood adversity indulge in substance use. Therefore, there is a need to advocate for psychological interventions such as cognitive and behavioural therapy that have demonstrated efficacy in promoting selfcontrol in adolescents and young adults. KEYWORDS adverse childhood experiences, substance use, self-control, adolescents, Uganda
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    Prevalence and factors associated with Modern Contraceptive use among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years in Pagirinya Refugee Settlement, Northern Uganda
    (Lira University, 2023) Amony, Sandra Sally; Udho, Samson; Apili, Felister
    Background: World Health Organization revealed that about 23 million adolescents have their modern contraceptive needs not yet met. In Uganda, 12% of the adolescents in this age group are using modern contraceptives, with the lowest odds in the northern region. We determined the prevalence and factors associated to utilization of modern contraceptives among adolescents’ girls aged 15 to 19 years in Pagirinya Refugee Settlement, Adjumani district. Methodology: This is a community-based cross-sectional study to investigate modern contraceptive use among adolescents’ girls aged 15 to 19 years. Using probability sampling methods, 400 participants were selected. Questionnaires were pretested and data collectors trained. Data was analyzed using STATA. Results: 60% of the participants fell within the age range of 15-17 years, and all were females. 51.75% utilized modern contraceptives, multivariate analysis showed that Muslim girls were 2.45 times more likely to use modern contraceptives than protestants (AOR=2.45, 95% CI=1.22-4.91, p=0.012). girls who had not been pregnant were 76% less likely to use modern contraceptives (AOR=0.24, 95% CI=0.15-0.41, p<0.0010. the odds of modern contraceptive use reduced by 58% for those unaware of modern contraceptives (AOR=0.42, 95% CI=0.24- 0.71, p=0.001), 62% for those uncomfortable discussing it with health care providers (AOR=0.38, 95% CI=0.22-0.64, p<0.001). Conclusions: Modern contraceptive use among the adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years in Pagirinya Refugee settlement was significantly high compared to other studies. Keywords: Adolescents, modern contraceptive, refugee, determinants, prevalence.