Theses and Dissertations

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Emerging Patterns of Social Capital, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development in Post-Conflict Northern Uganda
(Science Publishing Group, 2020) Ejang, Mary; Apio, Sarah Okite
This qualitative study, conducted in Oyam district northern Uganda, presents an ethnographic analysis of the transformation of the social capital available to former internally displaced persons (IDPs) by the Lords’ Resistance Army (LRA) conflict, and the implications for their livelihood strategies. Northern Uganda suffered a protracted two decade (1986- 2006) civil war between the LRA and Government of Uganda. Forced conscription, abduction and eventual displacement into camps by the combatants shattered the mutual trusts and capital that communities had accumulated overtime. This paper applied case study design to investigate the emerging forms of social capital among former displaced persons and the respondents were purposively selected. In-depth interviews were held with Government civil servants and local leaders while focus group discussions were conducted with community members to explore opinions on the after-displacement livelihood strategies. Sustainable livelihoods and social capital theories were applied to analyse the relationship between social capital and livelihood resilience upon returning home from displacement. The findings indicated that while emerging from displacement, family members moved in phases with family heads and elder children returning first to prepare livelihood strategies. Both positive and negative networks emerged that influenced preference for social groups and livelihood activities. The established social groups comprised of ‘doggola’ (kinship) relationships, wage-labour, neighbours, friendship, alcohol consumption and informal social support groups. Despite the dynamics experienced in social capital and livelihood activities, the former IDPs modified and reverted to the traditional social capital. This paper concludes that amidst conflict and displacement, social capital sustains household welfare and community development hence, social capital does not vanish but changes forms. Thus, the post-conflict reconstruction programme ought to integrate social capital into its package for sustainability purpose.
Monitoring And Evaluation on Quality Educational Outcome in Primary Schools in Masindi District, Mid-Western Uganda
(Lira University, 2021) Asaba, Irene; Jehopio, Peter Jegrace; Apio, Sarah Okite
The study sought to investigate the level of monitoring and evaluation required for quality educational outcome in Masindi district, Mid-Western Uganda since there is growing need for better monitoring and evaluation system in education, as the district falls below national average in both numeracy and literacy at primary school level and moreover, an academic investigation into the influence of monitoring and evaluation on quality educational outcome in primary schools in the district has been done . This has created knowledge gap from which academicians, governments and international community could benefit. It was based on three objectives mainly: to analyzed the level of materials required in to Monitoring and Evaluation so as to ensure quality educational outcome, to examine the level of financial outcome resources required into Monitoring and Evaluation so as to ensure quality educational outcome and determine the level technical expertise required into Monitoring and Evaluation so as to ensure quality education outcome. The study employed a cross-sectional design with quantitative method in the investigation. The researcher used random sampling to select 160 primary schools in Masindi district from which 160 headteachers were purposively selected. The researcher collected data by using questionnaire that measured the responses of 160 primary school headteachers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation statistics and linear regression using STATA15 software. Findings indicated that the level at which technical expertise into Monitoring and Evaluation performed better than both material and financial resource input in M&E. There was a statistical significant difference in level of resources between the “financial” construct and the “material” construct (p=0.000) and between the “Technical” construct and “Financial” construct (p = 0.000). Further, from the regression analysis, it was found the variation in the level of quality of Monitoring and Evaluation process directly influence educational outcome. Additionally, regarding the level of output frequency of Parents Teachers Associations meeting and school ownership were found directly influence educational outcome. Recommendations arising from the study points out that primary schools should increasing budget allocation to Monitoring and Evaluation components, so as to improve educational outcome. Besides, all school administrators should be formerly trained in Monitoring and Evaluation and refresher course on Monitoring and Evaluation run regularly on the same group. Necessary action should be taken to ensure systematic and genuine coordination between the Monitoring and Evaluation systems and the other stake holders, including Parents Teachers Association, Non-Governmental Organizations, community organizations and beneficiaries such that there is transparency and accountability established and continuality improved upon.
Employee Training and Organizational Performance a Case Study of Education Service Sector in Lira District Local Government.
(Lira University, 2021) Angol, Jimmy; Akello, Judith Abal; Opio, Bonny Charles
Background: The study was conducted to examine the effect of training on employee performance in education sector of Lira DLG. Specifically, the study investigated the effect of on- Job training on employee performance, examine the effect of off-job training on employee performance and assessed the effect of induction on employee performance in the health sector of Lira DLG. Methods: The study used cross sectional research design where both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used; the sample size of the study population was 108 and was sampled using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview methods were used to collect data while mean and standard deviation were used to measure the performance of the construct in Lira DLG. Correlation coefficient was used to test the strength and direction of the relationship between training employee performance. Findings: All the constructs were positively correlated to organizational performance. the findings of the study revealed a positive significant effect of on -job training on employee performance in Lira DLG (Coef. 0430, p<0.01). Secondly, the results of on effect of off-job training on employee performance in Lira DLG further revealed a positive insignificant effect (Coef.0153, p > 0.01). Thirdly, the effect of the induction on employee performance of health sector employees in Lira DLG was found to be positive and significant (Coef. 0.430, p < 01). Finally, the results of multiple regressions yielded an adjustment R Square value of 0.372, which meant that training contribute about 37.2% to the performance of education sector employees in Lira DLG. Recommendations: Based on the above findings, the study recommends that Lira DLG should put more emphasis on on-job training and induction of employees in education sector to improve on the performance of the sector in Lira DLG.
Performance Appraisal and Employee Performance in Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Lira City
(Lira University, 2021) Oree, Molly Grace; Olang, Ferdinand; Akello, Judith Abal
This study sought to establish the Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee performance at LRRH in Lira City. The study was guided by three objectives namely: to identify the procedures used in performance appraisal, to assess the level of employee performance appraisal at LRRH, to determine the Effect of performance appraisal on employee performance at LRRH in Lira city. Literature was reviewed in line with the objectives. The study used a Cross Sectional Design which employed both Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. The study targeted a population of approximately 63 employees with a sample size of 52, Simple Random and Purposive samplings were used. Data was collected using a closed ended 5-Point Likert Scale Questionnaires and Key Informant Interview Guide. The Validity of the instrument was tested using Content Validity Index. The Validity Index of 0.80 was obtained. The reliability of the instrument was also tested to assess the clarity of the items in the Questionnaires and Interview Guide for effectiveness. The Response rate of the respondents was found to be 100%. The Democratic characteristics of the respondents revealed that there were more females (50.9%) which means that the most of the people who serve and handle clients well are Females who are said to be more productive than the males with the highest percentage being the youth (23.1%) aged between 251-35 majority of the respondents were Diploma Holders (44.2%) though other levels were also represented. According to the respondents, the greatest number were married employees (59.6) and most of the respondents had taken 3-4 years (23.1%) . Various procedures of performance appraisal were used but with varying percentages; Goal setting (Mean 44.2% in the Likert Scale), Performance Planning (Mean 34.26), Performance Review(4.15) and Feedback(4.14). The findings revealed that the most used procedure of Performance Appraisal was Performance Planning. A positive significant relationship was revealed between the Independent and Dependent Variables. It was recommended that LRRH should follow all the procedures of performance appraisal to enhance employee performance.
Internal Corporate Governance Mechanism and Firm Financial Performance: A Case of Listed Commercial Banks at The Uganda Securities Exchange
(Lira University, 2021) Oder, Joshua; Etengu, Robert Oguti; Ejang, Mary
The study empirically examined the effect of internal corporate governance mechanism on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange. In particular, the study sought to: (1) establish the effect of board of directors on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange; (2) assess the information of audit committee on the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange; and (3) examine the effect of ownership structure on the financial performance of the listed commercial bank at the Uganda Securities Exchange. The study employed ex-post facto research design using a combination of cross-sectional and time series data. Through the quantitative approach, the study examined balance panel data of five listed commercial banks at the Uganda Securities Exchange for a period of seven financial years (2012-2018). The study used mainly secondary data relating to corporate governance variables, firm financial and market performance that was collected manually from the annual reports of listed commercial banks. Primary data rating to internal corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance was also collected through interviews in order to supplement the secondary data. Analysis was done inform of descriptive statistics, correlations and regressions using STATA 14. The study found firstly and foremost that the board of directors does not significantly affect the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the USE as measured by return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q (-ratio). Secondly and on the basis of the statistical results of the second hypothesis, the study found that the audit committee does not significantly affect the financial performance of listed commercial banks at the USE as measured by ROE and the Q-ratio. The study recommends the strengthening of the board of directors and the audit committees of the listed commercial banks so as to ensure that they provide adequate and sufficient time to pressing and current issues rating to their banks. In addition, government and policy makers should create an environment that encourages balanced investment for all the investors of especially the local banks irrespective of their nationality so that the ownership of these banks does not only grow among a few individual investors and companies but rather spread out reasonably to diversify and attract skills and companies to improve their financial performance. Moreover, the regulatory bodies like the capital markets authority (CMA) should mandate the corporate governance regulations in Uganda to further improve the financial performance of listed commercial banks.
Funding and Academic Performance in Universal Primary Education Schools in Aboke Subcounty Kole District, Uganda
(Society for Science and Education (United Kingdom), 2021) Okite, Apio Sarah
Study findings on the effects of education funding on student performance have been inconsistent. Some have indicated that it is how money is spent and not how much is available that determine academic outcomes. In Uganda, poor performance of Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools has partly been blamed on ineffectively utilization of UPE funds disbursed by government. This study aimed at establishing the relationship between funding and academic performance of such schools in Aboke sub-county, Kole District, northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was adopted where both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. Six schools out of 13 and a total of 165 respondents were sampled purposively or randomly to constitute study samples. Questionnaire, interview and documentary review methods were used to collect primary and secondary data. Tool validity was ensured through pre-testing while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha test of reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. A total of 85.7% agreed on the availability of instructional materials. The role of the SMC in academic performance was established as not being clear (48.7%) while on average, majority of the respondents (53.5%) supported the statements about PTA. The Pearson Correlation findings indicate positive strong and statistically significant relationships between the size of financial disbursement and academic performance; timing of disbursement and academic performance; accountability and academic performance; and between accountability and funding. The regression analysis indicated that the funds size, disbursement timing and funds utilization have a significant combined effect on academic performance of UPE schools. It was concluded that low level of funding leads to poor performance of schools and that the size of funding greatly affects the academic performance compared to the timing of disbursement. It was recommended that the Government should improve UPE funding so as to improve academic performance of UPE schools
Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction in Lira District Local Government
(Lira University, 2021) Ocen, Martin Odyek; Ejang, Mary; Acanga, Alfred
The study examined the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees in Lira District Local Government. Specifically, the study explored the leadership styles practiced in Lira District Local Government, established the level of job satisfaction among the employees of Lira District Local Government and examined the relationship between the leadership styles exhibited by the leadership institutions and job satisfaction in Lira District Local Government. The study used cross sectional design to collect and analyze both quantitative and qualitative data from a respondent category of council; the chairpersons, the Resident District Commissioner and chief administrative officer who constituted 92 employees of Lira District local government of salary category U4-U2. Simple random sampling, purposive sampling and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 92 study units for investigation purposes. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data while descriptive statistics were used to measure leadership styles and job satisfaction. Correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between job satisfaction and leadership styles. The findings indicated that democratic leadership style (mean=3.855, SD=0.403) was the most practiced leadership style while laisez fairre style (mean=2.581, SD=0.554) was the least practiced in Lira District Local Government. The study found that job satisfaction among employees was above average, which was confirmed by the overall mean of job satisfaction of (mean=3.513, SD= 0.786), which indicated the level of satisfaction. The study found that job satisfaction is positively and significantly correlated with autocratic leadership style (r=0.554, p< 0.05), democratic leadership style (r=0.639, p<0.05) and transformational leadership style (r=0.474, p< 0.05) while the correlation between laissez fairre leadership style and job performance indicated a positive significant relationship (r=0.069, p> 0.05). the study concluded that the application of autocratic, democratic and transformational leadership style leads to job. The study therefore, recommends that leaders and management of lira district local government should promote and embrace the use of democratic and transformational leadership style in their leadership since it has a significant relationship with job satisfaction
Transformational Leadership Style and Middle Level Civil Servant Performance in Public Health Sector in Lira District Local Government
(Lira University, 2021) Komakech, Emmanuel; Mwesigwa, David; Obici, Gilbert
The study sought to determine the influence of transformational leadership on the performance of middle level employees in Lira District Local Government Health Sector. The objectives of the study were: to determine the influence of individualized consideration on the performance of middle level employees in Lira District Local Government.; to investigate the influence of inspirational motivation on the performance of middle level employees in Lira District Local Government; and to assess the influence of intellectual stimulation on the performance of middle level employees in Lira District Local Government. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design while incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study used stratified, purposive sampling and simple random sampling procedures to select health facilities, supervisors and middle level employees respectively. A total of 164 respondents were selected. Data was analyzed using STATA 15. The findings suggest that inspirational motivation (β=0.144, p<0.01), and individualized consideration (β=0.190, p<0.05) have positive and significant influence on employee performance while intellectual stimulation has a negative insignificant effect on employee performan The conclusion of the study was: - leaders should always apply individualized consideration and inspirational motivation leadership style since they positively affect the performance of middle level employees in Lira District. The study therefore recommends that management of health facilities should focus their efforts of management strategy on attracting, developing and retaining transformational leaders which could impact the organization in a more positive regard as employees become and remain engaged.
Budget Performance and Health Services Delivery in Lira district; Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2021) Okello, Patrick; Dr. Ejang, Mary
Budget Performance and Health Services Delivery in Lira district; Northern Uganda Patrick Okello Dr. Mary Ejang 2021 The study examines the effect of budget performance on health service delivery in Ogur and Amach Health Centre IV in Lira district. Specifically, the study examined the effect of budget variance on health service delivery, assessed the effect of budget execution on health service delivery and investigated the effect of budget monitoring on health service delivery. The study adopted a case study design, which employed a mixed method approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study population was 96 which included administrators, finance department, Health workers, and Health unit management committee. Simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling, was used to select a sample size of 78 participants. The researcher used self-administered questionaries to collect quantitative data and an interview guide to collect qualitative data. Descriptive statistics (mean, and standard deviation), and inferential statistics (correlation and regression) were used to analyze numerical data. Content analysis data was used to analyze qualitative data from interviews to supplement quantitative data. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between budget performance and health service delivery (R =.718; p-value 0.007) and 51.5% aggregate effect of budget performance on service delivery. The study further revealed that budget execution process and budget monitoring have significantly affects health service delivery Health Centre IV northern Uganda. This study contributes an original and empirical -evidence of the association between budget performance and service delivery, Lira District Local Government should ensure extending their financial obligations to Health Centre IV to improve their service delivery. Management should also ensure that all the stakeholders are involved in all the stages in the budget process to improve on its efficiently.
Service Quality and Customer Retention in Hotel Industry in Lira City
(Lira University, 2021) Ayo, Harriet; Amir, Kabunga; Obote, Denis
The hotel business is rapidly developing due to growing demands for such services as well as the growing opportunities for travel. The aim of this article was to assess the effect of the quality of hotel services on the retention of customers. This paper applied the SERVQUAL model for the purpose of examining the effects of the dimensions of service quality on customer retention in the hotel industry in Lira City and to investigate how the factors of reliability, Responsiveness and Tangibility among the five dimensions affects customer retention in hotels. Primary data was collected from the hotel customers using a 5-Likert type scale questionnaire. Demographics data was analyzed by descriptive statistics while the effect of service quality on customer retention was analyzed by using regression model. There were significant effects of some Servqual dimensions constructs of (reliability, responsiveness, and tangibility) and indicators of customer retention (customer trust, Word of Mouth, switching barriers). Constructs of Reliability RI =Services promised was significant at 1% level, R2= Service performed right first time was significant at 1% level with the p-values of 0.0050 and 0.0013 respectively, for responsiveness as a service quality was not significant but some individual constructs of P2, P3 and P4 were significant at 1%, 5% and 10% respectively. For tangibility, only T1 and T4 turned to be significant. T4 is significant at 1% level with P-Value of 0.0055 and T1 is significant at 5% level with the p-value of 0.0163. The study thus demonstrated need for a continuous operational research and quick improvements by the proprietors of hotel industries given the stiff competitions and the dynamism of human conditions. It unfolded the fact that needs and wants of humanity are complex but require a resilient approach of adaptation and the forecasts for a better future of the business. Any laxity on supervision or acquisition of the appropriate facilities might hit a big blow on the hotel business.
Emotional Intelligence and Teachers Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Lira City
(Lira University, 2021) Ogwal, Dickens; Kabunga, Amir; Olang, Ferdinand
Teachers in most schools of Lira City have registered poor performance in subject areas they teach as exemplified in recent UNEB results. The city has continued registered poor performance in USE results as the percentage of students in division 1V and 9 in 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were 43.3%, 47.5%, 40.0% and 51.6% respectively (UNEB, 2017) implying that, nearly half of students who registered for USE examinations in those years failed. Studies have shown that Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a strong indicator of academic performance, social skills, making positive decisions, and a general scene of wellbeing of students and teachers. The teachers need to have emotional intelligence to help them in understanding aspect of learning and using it for teaching and helping the students. The success of students depends on effective teaching and emotional health of teachers play an imperative role towards that end. The secondary school teacher of today need to display a balanced effective approach to interact with the students and also for self-development in terms of research, administration and other teaching related functions for effective academic gains and career success. However, the effect of emotional intelligence on teachers’ performance has not been tested and documented. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of emotional intelligence on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Lira City. Specifically, the study focused on establishing the effect of self-awareness on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Lira City, the effect of social awareness on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Lira City, determine the effect of self-management on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in Lira City and the effect of social skills on teachers’ performance in secondary schools in Lira City. Using a cross sectional designs with stratified and simple random sampling, 244 teachers participated in the study. Emotional intelligence and teachers’ performance were measured using validated self-report measures. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS23. The findings indicate that social skills (p<0.01 B=0.339) significantly affect the teachers’ performance in Lira City, while self-awareness, social awareness and self-management do not significantly affect teachers’ performance in Lira City. It was therefore recommended that Organizations should train their managers/employees to acquire the competencies associated with emotional intelligence and more emphasis should be put on social skills.
Commercial Soya Bean Farming and Livelihood of Members of Alito Joint Farmer’s Cooperative Society Limited: A Case of Alito Sub-County, Kole District
(Lira University, 2022) Oboi, Alex; Obonyo, Jimmy Francis
Background: This study established the contribution of commercial soya bean farming to livelihood of AJFCSL with specific objectives to established the contribution of commercial soya bean farming in promoting saving culture; Strengthening social networks; building social trust; and analyzing relationship between commercial soya bean farming and family stability. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design and used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Conducted in Alito sub-county, a sample size of 155 respondents was considered in the study that had more farmers (96.77%) who were mainly married (74.84%) and comprising of more females (56.13%). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative study, and IBM SPSS version 23 for quantitative study from which a linear regression analysis helped in establishing how commercial soya farming contributed to social capital of farmers in Kole district. Findings: The findings reveal that saving culture is -0.2 points and -0.178 points lower among soya bean farmers who do not use modern technology and do not own storage facilities, respectively; that social network is 0.637 and 0.423 points high among farmers who cultivate soya bean on acres between 1-5 and 5-10, respectively; and is 0.326 points higher for average yields of over 6,000kgs; that social trust is -0.298 points lower among soya bean farmers who do not use of modern technology; and that family stability is 0.440 points 0.475 points higher among farmers who cultivate soya bean on between 1-5 acres and 6-10 acres. Conclusion: The study concludes that non use of appropriate technology and non-ownership of storage facilities lowers the household prospects in saving culture; that planting more acreage; and getting better yields of soya bean strengthen social networks of farmers; that non-use of modern technology reduces social trust for farmers; and that there is a positive relationship between more acreage of soya bean cultivation and family stability. Recommendations: The study recommends the introduction of subsidized tractor-hire services; building of storage facilities; and awareness creation among members of AJFCSL. Further research can be considered on the relationship between commercial soya farming and other forms of livelihood capitals of farmers. Key words: Commercial Soya Bean, Farming, and Livelihood of Members.
Village Savings and Loans Association Activities And House Hold Food Security: A Case of Kole District
(Lira University, 2022) Ogwal, John Baptist; Obici, Gilbert
Background: Food insecurity still remains a challenge to many households in Uganda. The study examined the relationship between VSLA activities and household food security in Kole District. Specifically, the study examined the effects of VSLA on household food Availability, established the contribution of VSLA on the household food Access, and determine the effects of VSLA on household food Stability. Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional study deign, which employed a mixed method approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study population consisted of 252 which included district and sub-county officials, VSLA leaders, and VSLA members. Simple random sampling technique and purposive sampling, was used to select a sample size of 148 participants. The researcher used self-administered questionnaires to collect quantitative data, interview guide and focus discussion guide to collect quantitative data. Descriptive statistics (mean, and standard deviation), and inferential statistics (correlation and regression) were used to analyze numerical data. Content analysis was quantitative data from interviews to supplement quantitative data. Finding: The findings revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between VSLA activities and household food security. The study also revealed that VSLA activities had a significant effect of food availability (β=0.721, P<0.05), food accessibility (β=0.609, P<0.05) and food stability (β=0.761, P<0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that VSLA activities and household food security in Kole District. Therefore, for improved household food security in Kole District. Therefore, for improved household food security, Kole District Local Government is encouraged to mobilize local community to join VSLA so that they can be in position to access affordable capital to increase their level of production. Keywords: Village Savings, Loans Association Activities And House Hold Food Security
School Environment and Girls’ Education: A Case of Primary Schools in Oyam District, Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2022) Okwanga, Robert Alem; Mwesigwa, David
Background: The main thrust of this research was to determine the effect of school environmental factors on girls’ education in Oyam District. Methods: The study was guided by the cross-sectional survey study design using a mixed methods approach. Structured questionnaires were developed by the researcher and administered to 139 respondents. Means and standard deviations were used to describe the variables while correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and the effect respectively. Findings: The results revealed that only teaching and learning processes (p<0.01, β=0.36) significantly predicts girls’ education. School environmental factors explain ~21% variation of all the possible factors that are likely to account for girls’ education in Oyam District (Adj. R2=0.205). Conclusions: Teaching and learning processes, in terms of, adequacy of lesson preparation, adequate assessment, and classroom capacity as well as instructional materials, in terms of, adequate learning aids, and adequate science kits affect girls’ education in Oyam District. Recommendations: Its encouraged that a conducive school environment becomes a central concern among key stakeholders for effective teaching and learning coupled with regular monitoring of teaching and learning processes if girls’ education is to be enhanced in Oyam District. Keywords: School Environment, and Girls’ Education
Training and Employee Performance in Amolatar District Local Government in Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2022) Okello, Gad; Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kumakech, Edward (ph.D.)
Background: This study examined the effect of training on employee performance in District Local Government in Uganda focusing on employees in Amolatar DLG. The district has been performing poorly according to annual LGP Reports of 2017,2018, 2019’ 2020 and this seems to have caused by incapacity of the staff. Specifically, the study looked at the relationship between training and employee performance, examine the effect of on -job and -and off-job training of employee performance.it used a sample of 227 staff drawn from a population of 520. The Study attempts to achieve three specific three specific objectives. Firstly, to assess the relationship between training and employee performance. Secondly to empirically examine the effect of on - job training on employees’ performance and finally to evaluate the effect of off-job training on employees’ performance. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and correlation design and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study adopted a cross -sectional survey and correlation design and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The data collected was tested for validity and reliability and analyzed using SPSS Version 23 in form of descriptive statistics, correlations and regressions. Findings: The findings revealed that firstly, there was a significant relationship between training and employee performance in Amolatar District. Secondly, on- job training had a positive significant effect (Coef. 0.429, p<0.01) on the performance of employee in Amolatar District. Thirdly, the examination of the effect of off-job training on employees’ performance in Amolatar District revealed a positive and statistically significant effect (Coef.0369, p,0.01). Conclusion: it therefore concluded that active involvement in training improves on performance, if employees are trained while doing their jobs, performance improves and employee should be made to undergo off job training to improve on the level of their performance. Recommendation: Based on findings of this study, it is recommended to that Amolatar District should adopt training as strategy of improving employee performance. Keywords: Training and Employee Performance
Non-Governmental Organizations’ Activities and Household Poverty in Oyam District-Northern Uganda
(Lira University, 2022) Ocen, Patrick; Acanga, Alfred
Background: The study examined the contribution of NGO activities on poverty reduction in Oyam District-Northern Uganda and recommends strategies for improving well being of the people in the region and entirely Uganda as a country. This was based on account that, Oyam District was estimated with the lowest annual GDP per capita of 223 USD compare to the neighboring districts of Apac and Kole with the annual GDP per capita of 228 USD and 230 USD respectively and also the escalating poverty level in Lango Sub-Region where Oyam is located as indicated by UNICEF (2020) and UBOS 2019/2020 reports. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between NGO activities and poverty reduction, explored the contribution of financial support activities on poverty reduction, analysed the contribution of food security support activities on poverty reduction, and explored the role of community perception on the relationship between Ngo activities and poverty reduction in Oyam District. Methods: The study used correlational research designs with correlational and regression methods of analysis. The study was conducted among beneficiaries of selected NGOs and other key informants. The researcher selected a sample of 290 from a population of 860 NGO beneficiaries and key informants using simple random and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Findings: The findings of this study show that there is a significant and positive contribution of NGO activities on poverty reduction in Oyam District and that NGO activities have a moderate relationship with household poverty level in Oyam District. The results further show that financial support provided by NGOs significantly contributes to poverty reduction while food security provided does not. Conclusion: The study concludes that NGO activities contribute significantly to poverty reduction in Oyam District. Recommendations: This study recommends that the food security support provided be backed with the provision of market for the agricultural products of the NGO beneficiaries and in order to create income for them. The study further recommends that NGO support to agricultural product market search for their beneficiaries as well as forming the beneficiaries in different groups and train them on financial literacy for better management of finances. Key Words: Non-Governmental Organizations, Household and Poverty
The Role of Police in the Promotion of Peace and Justice in Lango Sub-Region: A Case Study of Lira City
(Lira University, 2022) Okello, Joseph; Oryang, Alex Chono
Background: The study investigated the contribution of the police institution in the promotion of peace and justice among the people of Lira City. The specific objectives were: to examine the effects of the enforcement of law and order by the police in the promotion of peace and justice in Lira City; to investigate the crime prevention roles of the police in the promotion of peace and justice in Lira City; to analyse the police roles in internal security and the promotion of peace and justice in Lira City; and to assess the impact of the community policing programs by the police in the promotion of peace and justice in Lira City. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive and correlational design. The study was purposive, convenient and simple random sampling techniques to select the respondents during the study. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews; and was analyzed quantitatively using mean and standard deviations. Findings: The findings indicate that law enforcement, criminal investigations, and internal security provision are not significant in promoting peace and justice while community policing has a significant contribution in promoting peace and justice in Lira City. Conclusion: The study concluded that the police institutions play a significant role in promoting peace and justice in Lira City. Recommendations: The study recommended that to reduce fighting in the public, the police should strengthen their daily patrol at all points in Lira City by the use of motorized and foot patrol, bringing a permanent end to organized criminal gangs in the region through improving on its intelligence and technology with appropriate skilling of its officers that facilitate easy crime detection and empowering the public to remain vigilant against terrorism acts by collaborating with the Local Government Authorities at the grass root levels. The police institution should improve on its intelligence and technology with appropriate skilling of its officers that facilitate easy crime detection. This should be re-enforced with support from other relevant institutions such as Judiciary and Ministry of Gender Labor and Social Development (MGLSD) in sensitizing the community on issues of the laws and its interpretations and community policing. Keywords: Police, Peace, and Justice
School Based Factors and Academic performance on primary school Girls in Lira District
(Lira University, 2022) Otim, Anthony Ivan; Oryang, Alex Chono
Background: This study investigated the effect of School based factors on the academic performance of primary school girls in Lira District. The study was guided by the general objective: To investigate the effect of school-based factors on academic performance of primary school girls in Lira District. Methods: The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, analysis and presentation and employed crossed sectional research design. The study sampled a total population of 184 and applied simple random sampling techniques. The study used questionnaires and interview guides as instruments of data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23 descriptively and inferential statistics. Findings: The study found out that or revealed that; physical factors had no significant effect on academic performance (p 0.771, beta=-0.032). Teaching and learning had a significant effect on academic performance (p< 0.001, beta=0.660). Finally, pupil instructional materials had a significant effect on academic performance (p <0.001, beta=0.410). Conclusion: The study concluded that teaching and learning as well as pupil’s instructional materials have significant effect on academic performance of pupils in Lira District. However, there is no significant association between physical factors and academic performance of pupils in Lira District. Recommendation: The study therefore recommended that government should ensure that validity of teaching and learning materials in schools. The school administrators should work hand in hand with PTAs and school management committees on measures to increase and improve staff accommodation. The head teachers should design a proper monitoring tool to ensure that lessons and pupils assessment is being properly done. Keywords: School Based Factors, and Academic performance on primary school Girls
Selected Land Governance Institutions and Land Conflict Management in Lango Sub-Region:A case of Lira District
(Lira University, 2022) Omodi, Willy Kagere; Obici, Gilbert
Background: The study of the effectiveness of selected land governance institutions in the management of land conflicts in Lango sub-region. Despite attempts by Government of Uganda to reduce land conflicts through the formal court systems, land related conflicts remained high (Obaikol &Ogwapit, 2017), prompting the government to establish other land governance institutions. This study aims at examining the effectiveness of Land Tribunals, local courts, and ad hoc mediators in the management of land conflicts in Lira district. Methods: Correlation and descriptive designs were used and sample size of 200 was targeted, and sampled using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from whom, questionnaires was administered among members of Land Tribunals, local Council Courts, and opinion leaders. The response rate of 86 % was achieved from which data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The study findings reveal that the correlation between Land Tribunals and Land conflicts (r=.120;p-value>.05) is positive and weak; between Local Council Courts and land conflict (r=.224; p-value<.05)is positive and weak ;and between Ad hoc Mediators and land (r=518; p value>)is positive and strong .The results of multiple regression reveal that Land Tribunals(Beta =.143; p-value>.05) is low in land conflict management; Local Council Courts (Beta =.085;p value..05) is low in land conflict management . Conclusions: The study concludes that Land Tribunals is least effective in managing land conflicts; that local Council Courts are least effective in managing land conflicts; and that Ad hoc Mediator is more effective in managing land conflicts in the study area. Recommendations: The study recommends that government should re-enforce the role of Land Tribunals to make them more effective in land conflicts management; that local council court members should be periodically trained in conflict management; that government should advocate, train and consider better facilitation for ad hoc mediators to make them more effective. A study on factors leading to rampant land conflicts is proposed. Keywords: Land Governance Institutions, and Land Conflict Management
Staff Appraisal and Teachers’ Performance: A Case of Secondary Schools in Oyam District
(Lira University, 2022) Alemo, Moses; Obici, Gilbert
Background: This study was about staff appraisal and teachers’ performance, a case of secondary schools in Oyam District Local Government. The general objective of the study was to examine the relationship between staff appraisal and teachers’ performance in secondary schools in Oyam District, the study sought to establish whether all the three independent variables of self-appraisal, management appraisal and appraisal feedback had any significant relationship with teachers’ performance in the secondary schools in the district. Methods: The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methods and cross-sectional survey design was used on a population of 100 with a sample size of 80 respondents and probability proportionate to size was used to generate the sample frame. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS ver.23 and descriptive, inferential and regression statistics was presented in tables while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and integrated in the overall discussion of the result. Results: The findings indicate a weak, insignificant positive relationship between staff self appraisal systems and teachers’ performance while managerial appraisal has a strong positive significant relationship with teachers’ performance followed by appraisal feedback which had a moderate significant relationship with teachers’ performances in Oyam District. However, overall, the regression model showed a strong, positive significant relationship between staff appraisal (r=0.692, p<0.05) and teachers’ performance with the coefficient of determination (r2=0.479) implying that 47.9% of observed variation in teachers’ performances is explained by staff appraisal and others by other factors not included in the study. Recommendations: The study recommended that E-assessment template be designed to avoid bias in score as well as regular and termly feedback to all teachers is needed. Keywords: Staff Appraisal, and Teachers’ Performance

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